Environmental Factors of Human Growth Essay

You regularly hear the word condition, however do you stop to think what it truly implies, what it contains, and how it influences you? The real meaning of condition is the conditions, items, or conditions by which one is encircled (Merriam-Webster word reference). Your condition enormously impacts the manner in which you are as a person. All of your background are affected by your condition. Your condition decides whether or how your capability to create is reached. Family, companions, home, school, and so on re all segments of your condition. By perusing further, you will observer these variables that influence your self-awareness and improvement being investigated and examined. FAMILY When kids are youthful, and invest the greater part of their energy with their folks as well as other relatives family is typically the significant human impact in their life. This is likewise obvious about most youngsters when they get more seasoned and develop into adulthood. Families give a sustai ning domain wherein security, assurance, fulfillment, and love are given. Physical requirements for food and apparel are met. In this condition relatives develop to development. In a legitimate family condition a youngster has constructive environmental factors, including constructive individuals. at the point when a youngster is thought about and cherished he/she gets sufficient nourishment, dress, cover, rest, association/consideration, and so on these things help the kid develop genuinely and intellectually. the kid is encircled by inspiration, accordingly the odds of the kid developing into a positive individual are extremely high. be that as it may if a youngster is brought up in an inappropriate family condition, no doubt, the contrary will result. e/she will be denied of the chance to completely create, and has a higher danger of holding cynicism as they age. In the early years families need to meet a baby’s physical, passionate, and social needs since they are powerless all alone. In the end, babies find they are autonomous and can get things done all alone. Relatives can give a situation tha t advances the development of freedom and set errands for kids to do without anyone else. Families can likewise assist kids with figuring out how to fit into their environmental factors. A domain with very much characterized limits causes small kids figure out how to control their own conduct. A family unit with sensible standards and guidelines set by guardians/gatekeepers gives kids a feeling of how to be polite. The youngster years will be long stretches of self disclosure for teenagers as they begin to rely less upon their families. One way your family can energize your development as a teenager is to permit chances to settle on close to home choices. Taking more duties encourages you build up the capacity to settle on your own decisions. An empowering and strong family condition can assist you with creating sound associations with others. This is on the grounds that you get information about the manner in which connections work from your family. It is difficult to create associations with some other individual if a solid family relationship isn’t set up. Family Structure: The manner in which a family is organized influences the manner in which a kid is raised. For instance, a kid may just live with one parent, a stage parent, their grandparents; there are numerous mixes of a family structure. Changes in family structure can regularly influence the family’s capacity to give an animating domain and can either be negative or positive. There might be pretty much cash, time/relatives to tune in, share, support, and guide every kid. Kin: Brothers and sisters can be a wellspring of fun, clash, or rivalry. They can likewise gain from one another. Kin for the most part keep on communicating with one another into adulthood, which can be valuable to the them two. Kin figure out how to share and coordinate when they collaborate which, when learned youthful, ingrains these propensities so youngsters can share and help out others all through life. Social HERITAGE Your family’s rules and convictions are a piece of your legacy. The special seasons, food, and religion your are familiar with are a piece of your way of life. Families give their traditions and conventions to their youngsters. Your way of life and legacy for the most part help decide numerous choices you make in your future. For instance, the vast majority of the companions you make and keep will most likely be of a similar legacy and culture you originate from. The spots you go, similar to chapel, festivities, merriments, and so forth are dictated by your social foundation. Multicultural impacts can raised area your associations with relatives just as effect your qualities and desires for your future family. Chances are, if or when you have kids you will move those equivalent convictions and customs that you are utilized to them. SCHOOL A quality school condition gives a setting that urges understudies to learn and develop. After school exercises can give opportunities to understudies to associate with others in clubs or sports. Class educational plan offers courses that invigorate students’ scholarly development. Educators in a quality school condition empower understudies by helping them discover regions in which they succeed. Instructors additionally assist understudies with discovering territories in which they have to improve. Thusly, they help understudies realize what choices to make with respect to how to get the most productive training for them and how they learn best, particularly when they get to school. Friends By collaborating with your companions you can make decisions about what you look like since you start to contrast your appearance with theirs; how significant you are on the grounds that you contrast how much consideration they get and the amount you get, and how fruitful you are. The companions you pick currently are likely the sort of companions you will make sometime down the road. Your friends can likewise impact the plans you make for your future. Old buddies typically prefer to remain together so you’ll regularly settle on comparable decisions about things like school, garments, exercises, shared companions, and so on. Some of the time your companions settle on decisions that you feel are not directly for you. This gives you a feeling of things you’re OK with and things you’re awkward with. Network There are a wide range of sorts of networks. Every one has its own impact on the individuals that live there. The people group condition is affected by assets accessible. Ventures or business give openings for work to network individuals. A low crime percentage and lovely environmental factors cause occupants to feel secure and ensured. Furthermore, shopping offices offer comfort. Likewise, factors like air quality and neatness when all is said in done influence the soundness of network individuals. Experiencing childhood in a network with numerous assets will in general establish a decent connection with those that dwell there. At the point when that is done, individuals remain in that network. This forestalls consistent moving and floating, so the opportunity to stay built up and agreeable is given. Innovation Technology is utilized in our lives ordinary. New advances impact the things you purchase, garments you wear, and things like that. The greatest way new innovation has affected our general public is the way that it has brought about a better quality of living. For instance, more merchandise are less expensive, work serious occupations are less mainstream, and medicinal services has improved. Innovation can be a negative thing as well. Reliance on innovation can make individuals judge their personal satisfaction by material things and cash, which can prompt the disregard of the development of individual connections. Innovation can likewise make individuals underestimate their insight. Mechanical reasoning examples can make individuals consider handy solutions to genuine issues that take intensive reasoning. This doesn’t for the most part turn out to be well. MEDIA Television, radio, motion pictures, recordings, papers, magazines, and so forth are wellsprings of diversion and data that influence people groups lives. Media can impact people’s musings, perspectives and choices without them in any event, being totally mindful of the influence it has on them. For certain citizenry, the individuals on TV are models for them to mimic. They likewise give a picture to creating companionships and connections. These pictures are frequently bogus and unreasonable, which makes individuals have shallow characters and appearances. The impacts of promoting incorporate how yous go through your cash, and decisions you make about the things you buy. Promotions invigorate deals and merchandise of administrations from various organizations with the goal that they can make a benefit and build up a decent organization name. Promoters are very much aware of what bids to specific individuals since they do broad exploration on these things. Monitoring how notices impact you in your every day life can assist you with settling on more shrewd decisions.

Review and history of Shakespeares play As You Like It Essay Example For Students

Audit and history of Shakespeares play As You Like It Essay In the previously mentioned play Oliver is wearing rich splendid hues (in this manner making a feeling of flourishing which is overwhelming at court) and at first seems controlled at this point strong, mirroring the way wherein one is relied upon to carry on at court. Oliver likewise shows up rather portly and truly unfit, which may contribute towards his poor battling aptitudes, as alluded to by Orlando in line 43 of act one, scene one-You are excessively youthful in this. Likewise, Oliver initially strikes Orlando along these lines double-crossing his forceful nature, which is additionally ordinary of the court. In any case, it might be hard to attract matches between the court and Oliver terms of the plantation where the main scene is set. The plantation is not the slightest bit unnatural and the hints of birdsong can be heard out of sight as Oliver and Orlando talk, which is not the slightest bit run of the mill of the picture of the court as savage and unnatural. Indeed, even so Shakespeares stage headings do express that this scene is set in the plantation and therefore this understanding can't be seen as being false to the content. In any case, the court scene is set during chilly climate in a blizzard, which reflects Olivers and the courts savage nature. Rather than Oliver, Orlando wears darker, shabbier dress, in this manner mirroring the shabbier, more straightforward condition of the woodland, which is consistent with the content. Likewise, Orlandos enthusiastic and compliant state is reflected as he hacks wood and sobs in the plantation of the court. This activity is additionally consistent with the content as it mirrors the out of line way in which Oliver treats his kin this bondage. It can likewise be said that, similar to Orlandos feelings, the backwoods is common and held in lower regard than the court. This translation additionally starts with a similar discourse as in the content (As I recall, Adam. ) and doesn't cut any of the discourse out, in this manner appearing to a more noteworthy degree how Orlando can be believed to be like the woodland. Obviously, it can likewise be said that the difference between the court and the backwoods can be spoken to by the two sets of siblings in other key purposes of the play. In act two, scene one Senior can be believed to speak to the woodland as the timberland is portrayed as being, sans more from risk than the jealous court and permits individuals to live unreservedly without social limitations, as Senior does and as he lives himself. On the off chance that Amiens tune about the woodland is to be accepted (No foe yet winter and harsh climate, act two, scene five), at that point Senior again speaks to the backwoods as he and his devotees include no foe inside the timberland bar the climate. Furthermore, Senior encounters regular issues in the timberland, for example, extreme climate conditions, as the backwoods isn't great (much such as himself) however its defects are totally characteristic. In the Christine Edzard understanding of the play this specific scene is portrayed as being breezy (which is consistent with the content The brutish rebuking of the winters twist) yet Arden is situated in a urban no man's land. In this manner, the exercises that the woodland shows one, Brooks in the running streams, can't be appropriately delineated as there are no waterways. Be that as it may, in the BBC adjustment the camera centers around a stream while this line is being spoken and in doing so viably underscores the regular condition of the backwoods. Likewise, in the RSC , Christine Edzard and BBC adjustments of the content, Senior wears straightforward dress to mirror his ousted state and the effortlessness of Arden. .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .postImageUrl , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:visited , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:active { border:0!important; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:active , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Part One - Shakespeares Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology EssayIn the BBC adjustment, the backwoods additionally has all the earmarks of being quiet and common, as is Senior. So, Senior speaks to nature, while his more youthful kin Frederick speaks to fortune. Fredericks fiendish nature is additionally appeared by his plan to put his sibling to the blade. Fredericks insidious nature is likewise portrayed in the BBC translation of the content in the wrestling match-the wrestling is drawn out, centers around Orlando and Charles and the crowds stunned response to occasions, indicating the barbarity of the court. Nonetheless, in the Edzard understanding of the content the real wrestling match isn't appeared, just the crowds response which doesn't completely catch the severity of the court (and for sure Senior). All things being equal, the content just states They wrestle which is not entirely clear. In any case, it is obvious that the character of Frederick has a Rough and desirous air (act one, scene two) as he expels Rosalind from court because of the way that he accepts his girl Celia to be in direct rivalry with her. Fredericks removal of Rosalind from court additionally shows that he is Humorous, just like the court. All things being equal, the backwoods exerts a helpful effect on Frederick and changes over him, demonstrating how insidiousness can be changed over to great Converted both from his ventures and from the world. Essentially, the complexity between the court and the timberland can likewise be spoken to by Olivers transformation from awful to great, from encountering unnatural emotions to characteristic sentiments upon his entrance to Arden-My change so pleasantly tastes, being the thing I am. Arden is additionally introduced as a supernatural, decent, legendary spot in the RSC creation, in which on-screen characters play trees and sheep, subsequently complying with the peaceful convention and thus causing the timberland to give off an impression of being a decent spot. Additionally, Orlando speaks to the woodland as it is represented by characteristic components, especially in Christine Edzards form of the content where Arden has all the earmarks of being cold and blustery (and smoke is surging from a fire) and Orlando is likewise administered by his normal feelings and sentiments. Be that as it may, the court and the nation are scarcely recognizable in this as both are set in urban regions, hence making this a difficult understanding, best case scenario. Additionally, as opposed to Amiens tune about bogus kinship and selfishness Thou craftsmanship not all that horrible as keeps an eye on lack of appreciation Orlando just ever shows appreciation towards the Duke and genuine companionship towards the old Adam. This intrinsic amiable attitude and show of certifiable warmth is equivalent to the considerate mindset of the woodland. At long last, the discussion among Touchstone and Corin with respect to court life versus nation life in act three, scene three depicts how the court occupants mock the nation tenants, as Oliver derides Orlando-Behavior of the nation is mockable at court. To put it plainly, the complexity between the court and the woods can be spoken to by the two sets of siblings in both act one, scene one and the play overall.

Blog Archive HEC Paris Enters the Top Five in The Economists MBA Ranking

Blog Archive HEC Paris Enters the Top Five in The Economist’s MBA Ranking The Economist released its 2019 full-time MBA ranking last week with a familiar name in first place: the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Although the number-one program was unchanged from the 2018 ranking and many schools in the top tenâ€"including Harvard Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvaniaâ€"were the same, this year’s ranking also featured something notable: for the first time since 2015, a European school landed in the top five. HEC Paris, which was ranked 13th last year, was third this timeâ€"its highest position since The Economist started publishing its rankings. Another European institution, IESE Business School, came in tenth, down four spots from the previous year, while Italian powerhouse SDA Bocconi School of Management took a notable leap from last year’s 24th position, landing in 13th place this year. Among the most notable U.S.-based risers in the top 20 were the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, which was in 11th place last year but seventh this time, and Cornell University’s Johnson Graduate School of Management, which gained six places and was ranked 14th. Conversely, Columbia Business School was tenth in 2018 but 15th this year, and the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia was ninth last year but 16th this time. Share ThisTweet HEC Paris IESE Business School University of Chicago (Booth)

The British Rule Of India Essay - 1119 Words

Introduction: John Watts founded the British East India Company in the 1600s. Which use to trade unique goods that couldn’t be found in Britain. Some resources included gold/ mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. While the British were in India they made a lot of money exporting these goods. The British never saw India as a place to live more or a place to trade. A lot of British people move to North America instead of India. The British rule lasted a long time nearly 200 years. They found that communication was poor and they didn’t understand the languages or customs of the Indian people. (British India). Also in 1857 the Sepoy Mutiny happened when rebellion the British government took control of India from the East India Company. (Smith, Frank) Motives: A reason the British want to colonize India was for trade. India has a lot of natural resource that were unique at the time and only available from India. Some resources are gold/mahogany/curry/silk/ivory. (Viswanathan, Balaji) Another reason they colonized India is that France threaten to attack the East India Company. The East India Company was the British company formed for trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. (East India Company) India was also a strategic location because it had lots of resource and an already established trade route. Methods: Originally the British did not want to take control of India. Instead in the early days they had an indirect rule over India. They British made contracts with the leaders ofShow MoreRelatedEffects of British Colonial Rule in India4318 Words   |  18 PagesAbtract The colonization of India and the immense transfer of wealth that moved from the latter to Britain were vital to the success of the British Empire. In fact, the Viceroy of British India in 1894 called India â€Å"the pivot of our Empire †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I examine the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the subcontinent. 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India in ancient time was the place of high superstitions and much disbelief. Wives were to self-immolate themselves after the death of their husbands. The practice of this widow self-immolation was abolished by the great reformer of Bengal, Raja Ram Mohan Roy. With the help of Lord William Bentick, the then Governor-General of India, Bengal Sati Regulation Act, 1829 came into force wherein the practice of Sati orRead MoreBritish Rule in India at the End of the First World War1884 Words   |  8 PagesBritish Rule in India at the End of the First World War By the end of the First World War the British Rule in India was still powerful, but would soon break down. However, thousands of Indians fought in the war hoping that in return they would be given home rule. It would have been difficult to win without the invaluable help of the Indians and their constant supply of manpower. 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Factors to be Considered When Planning to Fill a Vacancy...

Key Recruitment Documents and Factors to be Considered When Planning to Fill a Vacancy and Carrying Out Interviews In the Human Resource Management process first Marks and Spencers would use Human Resource Planning (H.R.P) this looks at how many employees the business will need in the future, as well as the type of employee that will be required e.g. graduate trainees, skilled-manual and supervisors. H.R.P. also ensures that the right employee is in the right job, to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the workforce. After H.R.P the business can then go through the process of recruitment and selection of new employees. The first task that needs to be done is that a job†¦show more content†¦The job may be advertised within the business as well as externally as they could already have the right person for the job inside the business this is an advantage to the business if that person is successful because less training and induction period will be needed and also they will know how the business is run, as well as far less time and money being spent on the whole process. Although saying this if a job is taken from inside the business then they will have to start the process again to fill that applicants former job. Applicants will send a letter stating why they think they are good for the job and their desire for it. The H.R.M department then needs to send out application forms, and request a Curriculum Vitae (CV) from them. It is vitally important that the application form is made so to suit the specific position that is being advertised, it will need to entail relevant questions, which are, legal, inoffensive and essential to find out the information they will need about their applicants. Once these application forms have been completed and returned to the business (sometime applicant include a CV and a covering letter probably because they feel that the application form doesnt bring out the best in their abilities and attributes they could bring to the business) then the short-listing process will begin,Show MoreRelatedA Human Resources Planning Process1443 Words   |  6 PagesA. If you were Jane, what steps would you recommend the company take to engage in a complete human resources planning process? At this stage of ambitious development, it is important to add to the current work force efficiently as per the demand. 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Date: Place:Read MoreManpower Planning5918 Words   |  24 PagesMANPOWER PLANNING IN INDIAN RAILWAYS Introduction Manpower planning is a process which aims to have the right number of staff at right places with right type of skills at right times to enable the organisation to achieve its short term and long term goals.   In other words, manpower planning is the system, which ensures the manpower availability at a given point of time.Manpower recruitment is related to matching the personal qualities of employees with the job requirements. Objectives of mpp 1)

The Public Health Problem Of Smoking - 1769 Words

ï  ¬ Public health Problem Smoking is an uncouth habit, and it does not discriminate between tobacco cigarette, bhang or shisha, all of these substances are often considered as drugs that can cause addiction. The smoke emitted from these drugs cause environmental pollution. Besides, they also lead to some harmful diseases to humans (Hyyppà ¤, 2010). Some chronic conditions like lung cancer emanate from smoking, and it predisposes the users to various life conditions like heart diseases. There exist two types of tobacco that are deeply rooted in this world. The first type of smoking is direct where the smoker receives the products of smoking at first hand. The second type of smoking is where the smoker receives smoking products passively. The†¦show more content†¦Due to the intensity of the practice, they have had a hard time retaliating from the smoking behavior. It is practically evident that most young individuals in the society like exploring. Their curiosity predisposes them to addiction to this deadly habit. Peer pressures influence most people in the community to the practice thus increasing the incidence of both passive and first-hand smoking. The society lacks rules that regulate the practice, first of all, it benefits from it as the companies that manufacture the cigarettes creates both direct and indirect employment. It is difficult for the society to discriminate or even disband the practice since most individuals make a living out of smoking (Hyyppà ¤, 2010). For instance, those employed in the industry as well as shopkeepers who sell the cigarettes and other tobacco ingredients, earn their daily living. The society fails to play its role in educating the youth on the dangers of smoking .the failure by the society to conduct massive education programs on the issues leads to the continuity of the practice. As people continue smoki ng, the public health problem associated with passive smokers’ increases. The society holds future risks that might be related to passive smoking. First, the population might be affected as it might decline due to increasing in mortality rates. The increase in death rate means that there will be a decrease in procreating as those fertile young individuals will not be available to fulfill God’s

Hemoglobin, Oxygen Transport and Nitric Oxide free essay sample

This paper presents electron paramagnetic resonance and oxygen binding studies of -nitrosyl hemoglobin a novel oxygen carrier having NO (Nitric Oxide) assisted allosteric functions. This paper shows that Nitric Oxide (NO) is a very popular compound to investigate in the scientific community today. It is physiologically ubiquitous as a potent vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and immuno-active agent at low concentrations and it is produced and recycled in the respiratory tract to regulate the airway. This paper discusses in detail the mechanism behind oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin as it relates NO bound to the Hemoglobin. The oxygen affinity dynamics of native Hemoglobin and nitrosylated Hb are compared. The research also reveals that although NO has a much higher affinity than oxygen or carbon monoxide for Hemoglobin, NO behaves differently than these other ligands and is not as toxic to normal Hb oxygen binding as previously assumed. Small, unicellular aerobic organisms can obtain oxygen required for metabolism by simple diffusion from the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemoglobin, Oxygen Transport and Nitric Oxide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most multicellular organisms have too great a surface area and many cells not in contact with the environment. They require circulatory systems that transport oxygen from gas-exchange organs to other tissues. In vertebrates, oxygen is bound to molecules of Hemoglobin (Hb) or transport in Red Blood Cells. Mammalian Hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of four polypeptide chains; two a and two b. Six ligands are coordinated to the ferrous iron, with the ligands in octahedral geometry around the metal cation (figure 1). In aqueous solution, free heme does not does not reversibly bind oxygen. Instead the Fe(II) is rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) when it gives up an electron to oxygen. The quaternary structure of hemoglobin prevents formal transfer of an electron and allows it to reversibly bind O2. Positively charged amino acid residues stabilize to negatively charged diatomic oxygen without an ionic bond. Hemoglobin unbound to oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin and has a low affinity for oxygen. Once one oxygen molecule binds to the Fe, the proximal Histadine (figure 1) moves closer to the porphyrin ring because the Fe is now bound to six ligands instead of five. This disrupts the stabilizing ions that interact with Hb. The remaining Heme groups have an increased affinity for Oxygen. In addition to this positive cooperatively of binding, allosteric interactions regulate the binding and release of oxygen by Hb (Horton, 1996).

Analysis on the Case Study of Maria

The first issue to discuss is that Maria is self-referred because she is the one who brought herself to the agency. The doctor or psychiatrist did not bring her but there are sentiments that she is involuntary because she has taken too long to seek psychological advice. She waited until she is diagnosed with a learning disability for her to seek help.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis on the Case Study of Maria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concerning her bio- social-spiritual information, Maria is a Hispanic American woman whose parents were American immigrants from Latin America. She is had been raised by single parent after her parents divorced when she was three years. Therefore, there was no father figure in her nuclear family. Maria is well educated with a Graduate Equivalence Degree (GED) and is presently majoring in Psychology. However, she feels she has struggled more than others to achiev e this. She has been married three times and she has three children out of the first two marriages who are aged seventeen, twenty-four and twenty-six. She has been employed at a restaurant and has taken up other jobs that provided avenues for meeting her three husbands. Maria initial appearance seems to be of a confident person who is having problems within herself because she is riddled with inferiority complex. She is also a very controlling especially those who are inferior to her. That is why she says that her sister thinks that she talks more when she is around unprofessional people than when she is with professional people. She also seems to have a problem with men, which has wrecked her two marriages. She has an issue with the sense that she puts blame on other people and never faults herself (Briere Scott, 2006). Maria comes to the agency to seek help due to chronic depression, which she thinks has been caused by her dysfunctional marriage and the knowledge of her learning disability. Maria’s problems seem to have begun long time ago even before she was diagnosed with the learning disability. She has a problem with coping with the men in her life and this is partly because she did not have a father figure in her childhood. Her problems were compounded by the fact that she was a slow leaner because she had a problem with English language. They are even complicated by her marriage to an abusive man.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maria has tried to cope with her problems in the past by working hard to cover her failures. She developed a mindset that for her to succeed in everything she has to try it several times. This means that in class she knew she had to repeat in order to pass. She even gets married to her third husband to see whether it will work out after her two marriages failed. She also copes with her problems by controlling those who are inferior to her. She also controls her children, which is the reason they stay at home although they can live on their own. She also sees others to be the cause of her misery. Her first husband’s abuse is the reason why she left the marriage and the second marriage was as a result of alcoholism of her husband. The other people around her view her problem as one caused by her incessant need to control if not to dominate. This is shown by the situation where she does not want her children to leave her home even if they are old enough to live on their own. Though the case study does not clearly indicate what other people think about her, one thing is evident that they are unconcerned. They do not think that Maria needed psychological therapy or assistance no wonder they have not referred her to any of the counselors. This kind of neglect is what has made Maria to feel depressed because it seems that those close to her do not seem to mind about her problems. Moreover, her parents were divorced at an early age and did not provide her with the emotional support necessary for a child’s development. She had to undergo a divorce twice and from the information provided she is likely to have her third divorce. The fact that she was brought up in a family with no father may have contributed to her poor relationship with her husband’s. Her poor school performance due to poor comprehension of the English language may have had an impact on her life and eroded her self-esteem. She describes how she felt like running away from school because she did not perform better than others. Her first marriage where she experienced abuse certainly had an effect on her after she went through the painful experiences, which are why she felt bad about her marriages. Maria wants the society to perceive her as successful which she has not managed to achieve because she failed at school. However, she has pursued GED course and is currently majoring in psychology to avert this. She wants to overcome her anxiety particularly when with professional people and also be in a position to face life independently with or without a husband even after allowing her children to start off their lives. Moreover, she wants to concentrate on her work and not to worry about her life every now and then.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis on the Case Study of Maria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maria currently stays with her abusive husband and her children. Staying in an abusive relationship contributes to her depression while having the children around shields her from forging new relationships that could help boost her self-esteem. She is not satisfied with her current job since she is pursuing a more education. Further attempts to learn only rekindle her dissatisfaction in her learning ability and consequently aggravate her depression. The pressure to secure enough income to support the family and withdraw from the abusive marriage could have driven her to seek a better job by gaining better employment. Absence of measures to protect women in abusive marriages in the society and the demand for a good college degree for one secure meaningful employment force her to discover her inadequacies. In addition, Hispanic origin caused her to learn English as a second language which in turn complicated her studies. Moreover, the Hispanic family organization in which the father has complete authority of the woman may have made it difficult to survive in the abusive marriages. Traumatic incident involves a particular occurrence, or a lasting or recurring incidences, which entirely devastate the persons capability to handle or put together the thoughts and feelings implicated in that incident (Farlane,1996). The depression, which Maria has had, seems to be related to the problems or the traumas, which she has experienced especially in her childhood. According to Tr auma theory, the Trauma, which people experience in life, they face it or they deny it. Facing it is accepting that it happened and looking for ways to overcome that trauma. Denial seems to be the mechanism, which many of the human beings use to cope with trauma by living as though the problem never was. Maria has seemingly experienced some traumatic problems in her life. The first was the family divorce where her father walked out home and left them completely. This is a trauma because Maria was very young and her mind must have been tormented by the thought of where her father went and why he never came back. The abusive nature of her father to her mother affected her negatively as it is the only thing she remembers about her father. She could not communicate clearly in English, which saw her fail in class. This is also traumatic especially if other children teased her about her language. In addition, she was trapped in an abusive relationship. This must have affected her since it was her first relationship and maybe she had many expectations about it. Being a Hispanic could also have resulted in ridicule at schoolAdvertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to these traumas, the client must have been affected in her social and tasks development according to the theory of psychosocial development she faces and she is unable to discharge her duty as a mother and a wife effectively. She currently controls her children and this is projection of her inability to do her tasks effectively. She also cannot cope with the many demands of school life and that is why she finds herself depressed after learning that she has a learning disability. Her background has also affected the way she treats men as she describes and that is what she experienced at home without a father being mothered and mothering men. Her experiences at school also made her conclude that she cannot do something and it succeeds for the first time. The ego defense mechanisms come into play by the way in which she comes to handle her failures and traumas. Concerning the background of a father who left them painfully she disassociates herself from her father completely which is the reason why she has never seen him ever since and she is not even bothered to contact him anytime soon. Concerning her failures in school she handles them by repeating and trying harder to succeed where she rationalizes that the natures will not to give her anything until she attempts it twice or three thrice which is why she works harder than everyone else (Corey, 2008). However, this cognitive theory of rationalizing her problems and traumas in an attempt to maintain ego does not always work to her advantage. For instance, she got married to her third husband in the hope that another trial might give her a fulfilling marriage, which others do have by their first marriage. Instead, she finds that she is still in an abusive relationship and that all the men who come into her life are the same. She also rationalizes that going back to school will make her a success that she never was in school early in her life. Her going back to college is not only driven by desire to progress but a drive to prove that despite earlier she failures, she can also be a graduate. This is further shown by the fact that her ego allows her to talk more to non-professional people who will esteem her but she does not talk more to the professional people who might hurt her pride. Using the theory of cognitive behavior her actions have been developed by the core beliefs that she adopted from her childhood (Asa, 2009). That is why she has a core belief that things are harder for her than for others and that if she had to succeed she has to do it twice or thrice. She also seems to have a core belief that men are there to be mothered. In addition, she seems to mother them only to regret later. This is probably rooted in her childhood whereby having come from a family of a single mother it is very likely to hear single mothers making such comments about having men who want to be mothered. She also has thinking that others are the cause of her problems. She seems to be putting blame on others but not herself. At no point did she describe herself as the cause of the failed marriages. She could have picked this behavior from her mother who was also divorced. Maria does not seem to have a spiritual side. There is little or no description of her belief in the supernatural and this may also be a great source of her depression because she cannot displace her problems to another being. She seems to have an attitude of taking the bull by its horn meaning that she solves all her problems by herself. According to (Hunt, 2010) belief in God assists one’s mind to remove stress and worry. Conclusion Maria’s background information is vital for a clinical psychologist to address her problems appropriately since it has contributed to her low self-esteem. Though she has the will power and the capability to address some of the problems, she must relearn some of her core beliefs if she is going to do away with depression. This is because depression is usually caused by anxiety and the inability to express one’s problem clearly, so that they may be solved as they come (Scarre, 2005). Trauma can only be solved by assisting the individual to come to terms with what happened irrespective of how grave and uncomfortable it is. Maria needs assistance to help her cope with previous relationships, which were more hurting by developing other relationships which are healthier to boost her self esteem. Maria needs to attend a clinic and see how she can be assisted to overcome her learning disability. Forcing herself to learn will be a stress-causing phenomenon in her life and it will only contribute to her misery rather than enhance her relationship. She also has to let go her older children who are staying with her because; what she is doing will affect their future life by being too dependent on their mother for approval. This will also assist her to develop other relationships apart from those at home (Farlane, 1996). Maria should also be assisted to develop her self-esteem by helping her accept herself as she is. She should not strive for approval but rather she should try to appreciate herself and her achievements as little as they may be. Finally, Maria should join a church or a social grouping which caters for spiritual well-being to get social support system by creating a strong sense of belonging. In addition, because of the trust developed in these association individuals are able to share their experiences, difficulties and challenges that they are facing and thereby relieving themselves of any depression causing toxins in their body. They also provide a strong sense of unity that makes an individual feel that they are not alone in their problems. References Asa, B. (2009). Post traumatic stress disorder in childhood. New York: American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. Briere, J. Scott, C. (2006). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. California: SAGE Publications, Inc, 37–63. Corey, G. (2008). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (8th ed). Belmont: Wadsworth. Farlane, B. (1996). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society. New York: Guilford Press. Hunt, C. (2010). Memory, war, and trauma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scarre, R. (2005). The trauma spectrum: Hidden wounds and human resiliency. New York: Norton. Appendix Fig 1. Family genogram This case study on Analysis on the Case Study of Maria was written and submitted by user Jaeden Randall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus

A new bill in Congress that would require many restaurants to include nutritional labels on their menus is set to be introduced Wednesday. The effort comes as the Food and Drug Administration weighs similar proposals and a survey by an advocacy group shows most Americans would like calories listed along with prices. THE PROPOSAL, by Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., would force chain restaurants with at least 20 outlets to list key nutrition information. It would be far less detailed than information boxes now on packaged food, but visitors to a McDonald’s or Wendy’s would see calories listed on menu boards above cashiers’ heads and at drive-in kiosks, while customers at sit-down restaurants, like Denny’s or Applebee’s, would get menus that revealed fat and sodium content along with calories. Though many chains provide the information on their Web sites or keep nutrition binders behind the counter, only a handful make it visible to customers at the point of sale. â€Å"People shouldn’t have to dig for it,† DeLauro said. â€Å"It’s something that’s very important to people and their health.† Two-thirds of Americans support a requirement for restaurants to list calories on their menus, according to a survey to be released Wednesday by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a non-profit group that backs nutrition labeling. Performed by Global Strategy Group in September, the poll shows 67 percent support the labels while 23 percent oppose them. It had a margin of error of four percentage points. MORE MEALS EATEN OUT Americans are dining out in ever greater numbers - even though meals eaten out usually are bigger and often more fattening than those eaten at home. The CSPI estimates we now get one-third of our calories from dining out, while recent data from the NPD Group shows 38 percent of all food is consumed at restaurants, even though that accounts for less than one-quarter of all ... Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus A new bill in Congress that would require many restaurants to include nutritional labels on their menus is set to be introduced Wednesday. The effort comes as the Food and Drug Administration weighs similar proposals and a survey by an advocacy group shows most Americans would like calories listed along with prices. THE PROPOSAL, by Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., would force chain restaurants with at least 20 outlets to list key nutrition information. It would be far less detailed than information boxes now on packaged food, but visitors to a McDonald’s or Wendy’s would see calories listed on menu boards above cashiers’ heads and at drive-in kiosks, while customers at sit-down restaurants, like Denny’s or Applebee’s, would get menus that revealed fat and sodium content along with calories. Though many chains provide the information on their Web sites or keep nutrition binders behind the counter, only a handful make it visible to customers at the point of sale. â€Å"People shouldn’t have to dig for it,† DeLauro said. â€Å"It’s something that’s very important to people and their health.† Two-thirds of Americans support a requirement for restaurants to list calories on their menus, according to a survey to be released Wednesday by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a non-profit group that backs nutrition labeling. Performed by Global Strategy Group in September, the poll shows 67 percent support the labels while 23 percent oppose them. It had a margin of error of four percentage points. MORE MEALS EATEN OUT Americans are dining out in ever greater numbers - even though meals eaten out usually are bigger and often more fattening than those eaten at home. The CSPI estimates we now get one-third of our calories from dining out, while recent data from the NPD Group shows 38 percent of all food is consumed at restaurants, even though that accounts for less than one-quarter of all ...

Industrial Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial Relations - Essay Example The collective bargaining of the union has greatly facilitated the welfare of the workforce and has promoted their interest amongst the management. According to Claude Bernard, ‘Art is I; Science is We’ (Bernard). Indeed, the strategic leadership of the management and the union significantly promote better relationship to maintain smooth operation. Like science, the union leaders are much more informed and constantly make efforts to improve and improvise relationship between the employee and employer and ensure that workforce is not exploited. They strike hard bargain with the management in the interest of the working class. Then again, one can broadly define art as a creative expression of oneself. It is individualistic and normally confined to the interest of one person, even though it might have significance for others. The science, on the other hand, is not exclusive and the outcome of scientific experiments has direct impact on people at large and applies universally. Indeed, in science, what affects one person, has the same concern for others also. This works best for labor unions because if the union fights for the injustice of one employee in an organization, the result of that negotiation applies for others also. This has specially become significant in the contemporary times of recession when businesses are going in for large lay off of the workforce. The repercussion of loss of job for one person is as traumatic as for others. So the unions across the regions and nations are working hard towards coming come up with creative forms of negotiations to wards of employees lay off. A case in point is the role of unions in Virginia where ‘unions have played a major role in local races, including making a $50,000 contribution to Fairfax County Supervisor Sharon Bulovas campaign for board chairman. And they are preparing to dedicate significant resources to this years hotly contested campaign for governor’

Introduction of research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction of - Research Paper Example The paper is going to examine and discuss the function of aniline substituents by looking into the intensities of SERS of different anilines in gold and silver colloids by utilizing a Raman spectrometer which has a 785 nm excitation wavelength. The Chemical Enhancement factors of the Surface Enhanced Raman and detection limits for aniline and its mono- and di-substituted meta derivatives are established and comparisons made. The inductive impacts of withdrawal of electrons as a result of substituents and the steric needs of chemical adsorption influence the strength of signals of different vibrational modes of the aromatic ring and amino group. By utilizing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the level of improvement is also linked to the ways of setting up the silver and gold colloids, which are characterized by exploring the structural morphology of the nanoparticle and its level of aggregation. Introduction: What is Raman Effect? Raman scattering or Raman Effect is the ine lastic scattering of photons from an atom or a molecule (Sur, 2010). It was discovered by a well known Indian physicist C V Raman in the year 1928. Generally, most photons are elastically scattered from an atom or a molecule, with the scattered photons having the same energy and wavelength as the incident photons (Sur, 2010). This phenomenon is known as ‘Rayleigh scattering’ and it accounts for the blue color of the sky (Sur, 2010). There is however a difference in frequency between the scattered photons and the incident photons. This physicist discovered the Raman Effect as he was working on the molecular diffraction of light and observed this effect in liquid. The Other Russian scientists Gregory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam first observed this effect in crystals (Sur, 2010). Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for his work on inelastic scattering of photons. The history of SERS SERS was discovered accidentally in 1974 as people attempted to perform Raman on the elec trode with an original idea of generating a high surface area on that extremely roughened metal. With time, people realized that the surface area was not the fundamental point on this arena. Periodical searches were made in the dark, which led to progress in 1977 when different groups found out that the rough silver electrode can produce a Raman spectrum that is a million fold more intense than what was expected (Ferraro, 1994). The huge signal confirmed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS have recently overcome the disadvantage of the small cross section of Raman spectroscopy completely, and therefore can be utilized to study the single molecule spectroscopy (Ferraro, 1994). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has experienced renaissance recently in its development as a result of the remarkable discovery of single molecule SERS (SMSERS). This has also led to the explosion of interest in nanophotonics and plasmonics (Dieringer, 2005). Since excitation of the locali zed surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) of a nanostructured surface or nanoparticle Is centered at the heart of SERS, it is vital to have in control all of the factors influencing the LSPR with an aim to maximize signal strength and ensure reproducibility (Dieringer, 2005)

Improving Communication for Patient Safety

Improving Communication for Patient Safety Abstract: Communication is a very important aspect of medical training. Poor communication is the root cause for the majority of complaints against the National Health Service (NHS) (Pincock S. , 2004). Communication is especially important at handover to ensure continuity of appropriate medical care and to ensure safety of patients. The added constraint in medical handovers is that the process is limited by time. The SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation) tool is intended for effective transfer of information between health professionals in a concise, factual and standardised structure. This article assesses the importance of teaching communication in medical education with particular emphasis on handover, the available literature on SBAR and the authors view on SBAR as a communication tool for medical students and trainee doctors. Introduction Communication lies at the heart of good medical practice. The General Medical Council has mandated the need for good communication skills to ensure that patients are kept informed of their condition, progress, investigations, treatment and progress. Good communication skills are also necessary to ensure continuity of patient care and to ensure patient safety. The introduction of the shift system has made effective communication more important (General Medical Council). Poor communication is the root cause for the majority of complaints in the National Health Service. Poor communication between health professionals, failure to take informed consent and improper handling of complaints are the major reasons and effective communication could have reduced the disputes and complaints (Pincock S. , 2004). Teaching communication to medical students in UK medical schools The UK council of communication skills in undergraduate medical education was established in 2005 with the aim of raising awareness, to improve current teaching, to improve and to develop consensus on the communication training provided to medical students (The UK council of communication skills in undergraduate medical education). This in the authors opinion represents a major step towards recognition of the need for training medical students in communication skills training. In addition to the benefits which better communication has in relation to patient safety and reducing complaints, research has indicated that teaching communication skills to medical students improved their overall performance (Smith, Hanson, Tewskbury, 2007). The medical handover: communication is vital The National patient safety agency (NPSA), London has defined handover as The transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for a patient, or group of patients, to another person or professional group on a temporary or permanent basis (National Patient Safety agency, 2007). Medical handover is one of the most important procedures and has the potential for causing errors and harm if done improperly. It is also a very frequent occurrence with the advent of the shift system of working. The General Medical Council has also recognised the importance of a good handover and explained that keep colleagues well informed when sharing the care of patients (General Medical Council). Benefits of a good handover Good handover has several benefits both for the doctor and the patient. For the doctor the handover session can be used to improve communication skills and can also be used to teach clinical medicine. A good handover also makes working less stressful as the doctors on the shift have will have good knowledge about the patients and their management plans. The British Medical Association has also opined that clear communication at handover will protect the doctor against blame for errors (British Medical Association, 2004). Good handover also benefits the patient by providing continuity of care, providing safety, decreasing repetition and in providing better service satisfaction. There are several critical incidents of patient safety being compromised because of the lack of clear handover between teams (British Medical Association, 2004). Constraints to good handover There are several constraints to a detailed handover. In the authors own experience of handover in an intensive care area, the time allocated for handover is often insufficient to handover all details of patient care. Although the morning handover is led by the consultant on call and attended by a multidisciplinary team involving the physiotherapist and the in charge nurse, evening handover often involves only the junior doctors on call. Because of the complex problems which most patients on intensive care have, the handover often extends beyond the allocated time of 30 minutes. This means that the doctors who are leaving are unable to do so on time and those who are starting are not able to get on with their duties on time; both these situations lead to a sense of dissatisfaction with the job. The handover venue varies from the patients bedside to the doctors office and therefore lacks uniformity and continuity. Further the handover can be interrupted by non-emergency calls from dif ferent parts of the hospital. On some occasions handover is taken by one team while the other team is setting up the ventilator and this results in an unsatisfactory handover. Because of the presence of personnel from paediatric, intensive care, anaesthetic, nursing and other allied health back grounds at the morning handover, there are significant differences in the style, length and the importance which different people place on different aspects of the handover. Also the experience levels of the different trainees are variable and they vary in the ability to highlight important aspects of patient care and in their ability to summarise the progress of a patient in a concise way. Need for a structure to handover One of the criticisms of handover among healthcare professionals is the hint and hope approach where one person hints at what might be going on without giving any specific details and hopes to get a specific response or action (Featherston, 2005). The handover process needs to be streamlined to allow transfer of a large amount of information regarding very sick patients with complex needs in a time limited manner. This means that there is a need for a system of handover which is structured, complete, relevant and concise to ensure uniformity of the process and to ensure continuity of patient care. Literature of handover in other hospital settings A study of handover of clinical care from ambulance crew to the emergency department personnel showed that there were concerns regarding the quality and quantity of handover, the staff perception of handover and staff education. This study also identified the need for a standardised handover process which would enable smooth transfer of patient care and also provide opportunity for the receiving team to assess and prioritise their work (Bost, Crilly, Wallis, 2010). The British Medical Association (British Medical Association, 2004), The General Medical (General Medical Council) and the National patient safety agency (National Patient Safety agency, 2007) have all emphasised the need to develop a system of effective handover. SBAR SBAR (Situation, background, assessment, recommendation) is a communication technique that provides a structure for communication between healthcare professionals. SBAR was developed by Dr. Leonard and colleagues in 2006. It is useful for handover from nurse to nurse, doctor to doctor and doctor to nurse. SBAR enables healthcare professionals to communicate in a specific framework. When applied to handover communication, S stands for situation which is a short description of the problem, its severity and when it started. B stands for pertinent background describing the admission diagnosis, results of investigations and other clinical information. Details of current resuscitation status could also be included in this. A stands for the handing over team assessment of the patient status and R stands for recommendation on how the patient should be managed. Recommendation can also be used to update the team receiving the handover on how quickly a patient needs to be seen and this can help them prioritise their tasks. Literature on use of SBAR SBAR is relatively new and there have only been a few studies looking into its impact on communication and patient safety. One study demonstrated that staff found SBAR tool helpful in team and individual communication. As a result of this the study team using SBAR perceived an improvement in patient safety culture. The study group also showed an improvement in reporting of incidents and near misses in the team and in the institution where study was done (Velji, Baker, Fancott, 2008). Another study found fewer missed information at handover and suggested that this improved patient safety. The authors of this study opined that this was the result of information transfer in a concise and organised format (Haig Sutton, 2006). Other studies have reported mixed results. A study from Texas found no or slightly negative impact on the nurse confidence while talking to physicians, safety on the unit and satisfaction with working on the unit. However there was some benefit on communication openness and in feedback about errors. It must be noted that this study was based on a comparison of key outcome measures following a four hour classroom training on SBAR which the authors themselves describe as inadequate. The authors have advised caution regarding the widespread use of SBAR despite the lack of evidence of its effectiveness (Carroll, 2006). The SBAR collaborative communication evidence based practice study (SBAR EBP) showed that use of SBAR resulted in transfer of evidence, knowledge and clinical skills. The second outcome from this study was the benefits noted in communication, teamwork and safety environment. However as the authors of this study note, there are no studies so far which demonstrate benefits in patient outcomes or patient collaboration. This study also noted that no physicians participated in the SBAR collaborative-communication education. The authors also noted that physicians felt that SBAR teaching was meant for nurses and that doctors do not need to attend nursing classes (Beckett Kipnis, 2009). Summary of the evidence and opinion It is the authors view that SBAR as a tool for handover will act as a uniform model around which staff can communicate at handover. It also encourages critical thinking around the time of handover. It allows precise, complete and concise transfer of information at handover. This is likely to improve better team working and ultimately improve patient safety. However there are likely to be impediments to the implementation of SBAR for handover. Doctors especially at more senior levels are likely to ask for evidence regarding the positive effects of SBAR on patient safety before they support its implementation on a wider basis. Therefore there is a need for large well designed studies to demonstrate a significant benefit from use of SBAR not only on the staff perceptions and communication skills but also on patient safety. Teaching SBAR to medical students and trainee doctors It is authors opinion that communication models on medical handover should be taught from medical school days. The transition from student to doctor is huge and medical students should be trained to have the skills to make this transition as smooth as possible. There is limited literature available on teaching SBAR to medical students. One study using a simulated clinical setting found that medical students who went through 40 minute training on a modified SBAR model (ISBAR), performed significantly better than controls on a content and clarity global rating score (Marshall, Harrison, Flanagan, 2009). There is literature available on teaching SBAR to nursing students and the benefits it has had (Thomas, E, Johnson, 2009), (Wood, 2008) (Kesten Karen, 2011). The uptake of SBAR seems to be more robust amongst the nursing professionals than the medical professionals. As the uptake of SBAR increases it would become more important that medical professionals also become proficient in the use of SBAR as a model of communication. Therefore there is a need for both doctors in training and medical students to be trained in the use of SBAR. Recommendations on training in SBAR for use in medical handover Based on the experience of handover in an intensive care setting and after review of the above literature, it is the authors opinion that systems for handover need a radical overhaul to ensure patient safety and to improve communication within teams. One of the steps is a structure to the handover progress in the form of the SBAR. As a first step junior doctors need training in the use of SBAR for handover. Prior to the intervention, a baseline assessment of communication skills using an appropriate tool would help monitor progress. This can be in the form of an interactive small group discussion where the process of SBAR is fully explored. It is also important to present the available evidence on SBAR and how it can improve communication outcomes and potentially patient outcomes. A simulation exercise at the end of the discussion will also help doctors understand the skills needed. This teaching session needs to be done on several days and at times and location which facilitate and encourage junior doctor participation. The aim is to ensure that all the junior doctors in the particular unit or institution have the opportunity to attend this session. A separate session needs to be organised for the consultants who will be supervising the junior doctors as they implement SBAR. Consultants will need to play a major role in enforcing the use of this tool and also to monitor the effectiveness of this tool. Consultant supervision is essential to support the handover process using SBAR and also to facilitate the involvement of multidisciplinary teams at the handover. Handover based on SBAR should also be accompanied by robust changes like having a dedicated time and place for the morning and night handovers, making sure that the handover is not interrupted for non-emergency reasons and to ensure the availability of electronic resources which can facilitate handover. After a pre-defined period where SBAR process is implemented, there needs to be an evaluation of the effect SBAR has had on the handover process in particular and communication in general. Evidence of improvement in the handover process will encourage staff to improve further on their skills. The process of implementation should be dynamic and continuous until the process becomes a part of the working culture. Summary and conclusions Inadequate handover poses significant risks to the personnel involved, their organization and their patients. Handover therefore needs to be complete, specific, concise and structured to allow effective transfer of information. Use of SBAR will provide a structure to the handover progress. There is evidence that use of SBAR has positive benefits on team working and communication and it is likely that this has a positive effect on patient safety. The process of implementation of SBAR will involve training of staff with supervision and mentoring from senior members of the team. There is also a need to conduct well designed studies to assess the impact of SBAR on medical handover and to determine potential benefits to patient safety.

Essay --

Background: Office ergonomics as is the case with other disciplines in ergonomics all emerged in the 1940s during the world war (McCormick and Saunders 1993). Difficulties arouse from soldiers inability to handle technical equipment produced for the war due to physical incompatibility or lack of understanding of the equipment and when the advancements in technology was transferred to the civilian populous after the war, the same problems in human-machine system incompatibility were observed. This led to a study by military personnel, academics psychologists and physiologist all researching on solutions to the complications arising from the operation of the machines (Kumar and Cohn, 2013). In the year 1949 the term ergonomics was coined from the Greek words â€Å"ergo† meaning work and â€Å"nomos† meaning law in a meeting attended by distinguished psychologist and physiologist. The same group later formed the ergonomic research society (ERS) which was the first body in the world to study on ergonomics. ERS then evolved to the ergonomics society (ES) and then to the current Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (IEHF) (Omerley, 2103). Office ergonomics is part of this generalized evolution of ergonomics with it being a recognized discipline among the domains of ergonomics. Office ergonomics deals mainly in the office setting or environment and helps in averting injuries and adapting the work to the person rather than the person to the work. Development of office ergonomics Office ergonomics was developed in a bid to better the already good working environment (Lauren, 2006). This helps individuals operating machines give their best job results as well as maximizing production. As production is increased, risks of injury are greatly red... ...lementation of the solution by the committee. Worker compensation cost also reduced by 10%. This saved Quad graphics money that would be used in compensation and valuable days that would have been lost due to worker absence (Lauren, 2006). Conclusion/opinion Ergonomics is a great tool in increasing worker productivity and improving working conditions in work stations. Any organization that encompasses ergonomics in its operations is saving lots of money from time wastage and worker compensation. Organizations should not wait until their workers become injured or ill so that they introduce ergonomics. They should instead adopt it from the word go. By doing so, workers have confidence in the organization as they feel cared for thus will give their best while at work. The moment ergonomics becomes a way of life in all organizations, everything changes for the better.

Vark: Educational Psychology and Learning Styles

VARK Analysis Grand Canyon University VARK Analysis VARK refers to a specific style of learning, visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinesthetic leaners. (Fleming & Mills, 1992) VARK assessment questions alert people to the variety of different approaches to learning. (VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) For those struggling with learning the VARK analysis can develop a new learning approach or enhance your current learning style by identifying your learning style to more effectively store and recall information. Knowing our own learning style also can help you to realize that other people may approach the situation different from your own. (Connor, 2009) â€Å"Everyone has a certain amount of each learning style, but one learning type will be more dominant that than other. †(Smith, 2011) Throughout our journey of childhood education we are introduced to kinesthetic learning in the early years, JR high visual and read and write and higher learners experience more auditory. (Smith, 2011) Each individual is exposed to different learning approaches however we develop a preference to a specific learning style. Whichever type a person is, will be how they view life and comprehend situations. This is their own, unique personal filtering system. Obviously each of us will become automatically drawn to our same type, and those who filter the same information the way we do. But having diverse relationships will increase our own happiness throughout our lives† (Smith, 2011) â€Å"VARK is a bout learning, not leisure activities. The read/write learners prefer information displayed as words. This learning style emphasizes text based-input and output. People who prefer this modality are often addicted to Power Points, the internet, lists diaries and words, words, words. †(VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) Upon taking this test, it reinforced the learning strategies I currently utilize the read and write learning preference. Read and write learners need writing materials to take down points the think are important from what the read, hear and see. (Smith, 2011) The advantage for read write learners they are very independent with learning and can self-teach. A disadvantage to this style of learning preference if a presentation is audio or visual with no opportunities to take notes, this type of learner will struggle with comprehending the content. With a presentation that is more visual and audio, the read write learner must convert this content to a style of words in their head that will help them commit this to memory. (VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) Read and Write learners prefer to take information by making list, headings or utilizing book, handouts, essays and manuals. To make their intake of information a learnable package a read and write learner must convert their â€Å"notes† by 3:1 for studying. † (VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) These read/write learner to utilize the information they gather often organizes their written words into diagrams, graphs, charts and read their notes and rewrite the principals into other words. The successful output of this information is when they can perform well on a test or assignment. VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) Completing the VARK analysis at the beginning of my BSN program reinforced the strengths of my read write learning preference. This learning preference style analysis also gave suggestions if a read and write learner is put in a situation where they must utilize the other learning styles. The suggestion to convert that information into the preferred â€Å"word† method read/ write learners like is an excellent suggestion rather than focusing on the fact one is uncomfortable with the presentation of the material in a non-preferred learning method. University Education is ideal for a read and write learner due to the comfort of reading text, writing notes and essays. † (VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles, 2011) This style learning preference does well with self-teach /learning which a benefit in the online classroom environment. The challenge a read/ write learner might face in the online classroom is the need to l isten to online tutorials, this is a time they would need to convert the information into a preferred â€Å"word† method to process the needed information in a way they better comprehend. The read write learner has a â€Å"AH HA’ moment which is the point the words they intake help them comprehend the topic and process the information long term. (Smith, 2011) References Connor, M. (2009). Ageless Learners: What’s your Learning Style? Retrieved January 20, 2012, from http://agelesslearner. com/assess/learningstyle. html Fleming, N. , & Mills, C. (1992). Helping Students Understand How They Learn [Journal]. The Teaching Professor, 7(). Retrieved from www. vark-learn. com Smith, C. (2011, June). Understanding Every Personality Type: Audio, Visual and Kinesthetic [Discussion Group comment]. Retrieved from http://applecsmith. hubpages. com/hub/Being-Successful-With-Every-Personality-Type-Audio-Visual-Kinesthetic Smith, D. (2011, June 26). Advantages and Disadvantages to different learning styles [Discussion Group comment]. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8651838_advantages-disadvantages-different-learning-styles. html VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles. (2011). www. vark-learn. com

Anorexia Nervos A Group Of Eating Disorders - 1696 Words

Anorexia nervosa is psychiatric condition that is part of a group of eating disorders. It is associated with abnormally low body weight, extreme fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body image. Those with the disorder place a high value on controlling their weight to produce certain image. However, those suffering from the disorder more than likely use extreme efforts that tends to significantly interfere with their health and even normal activities or occupations in their lives. There is two forms of Anorexia, Anorexia Nervosa Binge is the type where an individual will purge when he or she eats. Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa is the form of anorexia nervosa where the individual will aggressively limit the quantity of food†¦show more content†¦Men with anorexia sometimes display other psychological problems. While affected women tend to be more perfectionistic and displeased with their body. Children and adolescents who suffer from anorexia are at risk for a sl ow growth and development.â€Å"Anorexia tends to affect the middle and upper socioeconomic classes and Caucasians more often than less advantaged classes and ethnic minorities in the United States† (Stockwell, 1990). â€Å"People with anorexia lean towards compulsive behaviors, obsession with food, and or addiction characteristics in efforts to overly control their food intake and weight† (Harries, 1992). According to ANAD, statistics show that â€Å"0.9% of American women suffer from anorexia in their lifetime.1 in 5 anorexia deaths is by suicide†. (Carney, 2009) Surprisingly, someone with anorexia thinks about food a lot and limits the food she or he eats, even though she or he is too thin. â€Å"Anorexia is more than just a problem with food. It s a way of using food or starving oneself to feel more in control of life and to ease tension, anger, and anxiety† (Harries, 1992). However, this is a very unhealthy and even life threatening reaction. When yo u have anorexia, you often associate slenderness with self-esteem. â€Å"The extreme dieting and weight loss of anorexia can lead to a potentially fatal degree of malnutrition. Other possible complications of anorexia include heart-rhythm disturbances, digestive abnormalities, bone density loss,